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TS 12
The chocolate-chip cookie was developed by the owner of a hotel in Massachusetts in 1937. He was making chocolate cookies but he didn't have regular baker's chocolate and used pieces of semi-sweet chocolate, thinking that it would mix into the batter. It did not, and the cookie with chips of chocolate was born. Today, half the cookies baked in American homes are chocolate-chip. Seven billion of them are eaten every year. Chocolate-chip cookies are made with sugar, flour, eggs, semi-sweet baker's chocolate and butter. The ingredients can be changed to give the cookies slightly different textures.
• For a thin, crisp cookie, add more baking soda, replace one of the eggs with milk, and use more brown sugar.
• For a soft, cakey cookie, use cake flour and margarine instead of butter.
• For a chewy cookie, use bread flour and less eggs.
• Sometimes a crunch is added by putting nuts in the cookies.
TS 13
1. Laura's diet is quite impressive. She has lots of fruit and vegetables and has three meals each day. Apart from the odd sweet Laura's pretty healthy.
2. Polina is pretty healthy — she usually eats the main meals although she is quite keen on sweets and crisps. If she tried eating a couple of pieces of fruit instead of sweets or crisps each day it could help her diet.
3. Lucy's main meals are OK but her snacks could become a bit healthier. She should cut down on peanut butter and chocolate spread. If Lucy started to eat breakfast and fruit her diet would be healthier.
TS 14
Peanut Butter
Americans love to eat peanut butter. But what is peanut butter? It is a thick creamy paste. You buy it in a jar at the grocery store. Manufacturers roast peanuts and take off the skin. Then they grind them into a thick paste — that's peanut butter. The peanut is not really a nut but a pea. It is a strange pea because it grows underground. But peanut plants also have green vines with yellow flowers. These vines or stems grow above the ground. Peanuts are also healthy for you. They have more protein than a steak and they have many vitamins. The peanut comes from South America, but peanut butter is a food that is truly American. Peanut butter started in 1890 in St Louis. A doctor made some peanut butter. He gave it to patients who could not eat regular food. Later, peanut butter was popular as a health food. Peanut butter is very popular with American children.
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TS 15
Many people consider France to be the world centre of fine foods. French cooks are especially known for their sauces. The most famous English dish is roast beef and Yorkshire pudding, a batter pudding baked in beef juices. Italy is known for its spaghetti, macaroni and other pastas and for its sauces made with tomatoes, garlic and olive oil. Sausages, potatoes, cabbage and beer are common in the German diet. The Spanish eat much fish. They use lots of onions and garlic. Rice is the main dish of many people in Japan, China and India. Japanese meals include vegetables and raw or cooked fish. The Chinese enjoy spicy fried foods served with noodles. Indians enjoy curry. This dish is made of eggs, fish, meat or vegetables and cooked in a spicy sauce. Corn, rice and other grains are the basic foods of many people in Africa.
TS 16 Pizza
Pizza has a long history. The ancient Greeks first had the idea of putting vegetables on large flat pieces of bread and pizza ovens have been found in the ruins of Roman cities.
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