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TS 33
In American football the ball is oval. It is about 28 centimetres long and about 18 centimetres in diameter at the centre. Balls used in high school, college and professional games are made of four pieces of leather. Other footballs may be made of rubber or plastic. The ball weighs 397 to 425 grams. Leather laces help holding and passing the ball.
The soccer ball is made of leather or other material and is filled with air. A soccer ball used for adult games is about 22—23 centimetres in diameter and weighs 396 to 453 grams. Children generally use a ball of about 20 centimetres in diameter.
Tennis balls have nothing inside. They are made of rubber and covered with nylon and wool. A tennis ball must have a diameter of about 6.5 centimetres. It must weigh about 58 grams. Balls used in tournaments may be either white or yellow. There are also balls in other colours.
Basketball is played with a round brown or orange leather ball. The ball for boys' and men's games weighs 567 to 624 grams and is about 24 centimetres in diameter. Girls and women use a ball that weighs between 510 to 567 grams and is about 23 centimetres in diameter.
The volleyball is round and has a cover made of leather. It is about 21 centimetres in diameter and weighs about 270 grams.
A baseball is a small, hard, round ball. It is about 23 centimetres in diameter and weighs between 142 and 148.8 grams. A tiny cork ball forms the centre of the ball. Layers of rubber surround the cork. Two strips of white cowskin put together with thick red thread cover the ball.
The table tennis ball is round, has nothing inside and is made of celluloid. It is 38 millimetres in diameter and weighs 2.5 grams.
Golf balls used in competition throughout the world can weigh no less than 45.9 grams and must be at least 4.27 centimetres in diameter. The solid balls are made of rubber. The cover has many tiny holes called dimples.
TS 34
Non-competitive Games
Barbara Collins is the head teacher of a comprehensive school. She is talking to a meeting of parents and teachers.
Head teacher: Well, thank you all for coming here today. I want to tell you about our plans for PE in the next school year. As you know, this school has always placed great emphasis on sport. We have very successful hockey and cricket teams and we were first in the area athletics tournament last month. However a number of parents have complained to me that we concentrate too much on winning and not enough on enjoying physical activities. If our pupils don't enjoy sport in school they will stop taking part in sport as soon as they leave. We feel that it is our job to help children find a sport they enjoy. Some children don't enjoy traditional games because these games are too competitive. They feel that they are not good enough because they can't run fast enough or hit a ball hard enough. In traditional games there are always winners and losers. The trouble is that the same children win most of the time and the losers stand around watching. As a result of my discussions with parents and with our PE staff we have decided to try some non-competitive activities from the beginning of this term. Are there any comments? Yes?
Mr Stanhope: Er, hm-m-m. I don't see the point of having games without a winner. Life is all about winning and losing and kids may as well learn that now. Kids enjoy competing with each other. And I think they'd soon lose interest in sport if there weren't any winners.
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7 «Наша англійська», 7 кл.
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